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prakrtim purusam caiva ksetram ksetra-jnam eva ca etad veditum icchami jnanam jneyam ca kesava idam sariram kaunteya ksetram ity abhidhiyate etad yo vetti tam prahuh ksetra-jna iti tad-vidah arjunah uvaca -- Arjuna said; Prakrtim -- nature; Purusam -- the enjoyer; ca -- also; eva -- certainly; ksetram -- the field; ksetra-jnam -- the knower of the field; eva -- certainly; ca -- also; etat -- all this; veditum -- to understand; icchami -- I wish; jnanam -- knowledge; jneyam -- the object of knowledge; ca -- also; kesava -- O Krishna; sri-bhagavan uvaca -- the Personality of Godhead said; idam -- this; sariram -- body; kaunteya -- O son of Kunti; ksetram -- the field; iti -- thus; abhidhiyate -- is called; etat -- this; yah -- one who; vetti -- knows; tam -- he; prahuh -- is called; ksetra-jnah -- the knower of the field; iti -- thus; tat-vidah -- by those who know this. Arjuna said: O my dear Krishna, I wish to know about prakrti [nature], purusa [the enjoyer], and the field and the knower of the field, and of knowledge and the object of knowledge. The Supreme said: This body, O son of Kunti, is called the field, and one who knows this body is called the knower of the field.
sarva-ksetresu bharata ksetra-ksetrajnayor jnanam yat taj jnanam matam mama ksetra-jnam -- the knower of the field; ca -- also; api -- certainly; mam -- Me; viddhi -- know; sarva -- all; ksetresu -- in bodily fields; bharata -- O son of Bharata; ksetra -- the field of activities (the body); ksetra-jnayoh -- and the knower of the field; jnanam -- knowledge of; yat -- that which; tat -- that; jnanam -- knowledge; matam -- opinion; mama -- My. O scion of Bharata, you should understand that I am also the knower in all bodies, and to understand this body and its knower is called knowledge. That is My opinion.
yad-vikari yatas ca yat sa ca yo yat-prabhavas ca tat samasena me srnu tat -- that; ksetram -- field of activities; yat -- what; ca -- also; yadrk -- as it is; ca -- also; yat -- having what; vikari -- changes; yatah -- from which; ca -- also; yat -- what; sah -- he; ca -- also; yah -- who; yat -- having what; prabhavah -- influence; ca -- also; tat -- that; samasena -- in summary; me -- from Me; srnu -- understand. Now please hear My brief description of this field of activity and how it is constituted, what its changes are, whence it is produced, who that knower of the field of activities is, and what his influences are.
chandobhir vividhaih prthak brahma-sutra-padais caiva hetumadbhir viniscitaih rsibhih -- by the wise sages; bahudha -- in many ways; gitam -- described; chandobhih -- by Vedic hymns; vividhaih -- various; prthak -- variously; brahma-sutra -- of the Vedanta; padaih -- by the aphorisms; ca -- also; eva -- certainly; hetu-madbhih -- with cause and effect; viniscitaih -- certain. That knowledge of the field of activities and of the knower of activities is described by various sages in various Vedic writings. It is especially presented in Vedanta-sutra with all reasoning as to cause and effect.
buddhir avyaktam eva ca indriyani dasaikam ca panca cendriya-gocarah sanghatas cetana dhrtih etat ksetram samasena sa-vikaram udahrtam maha-bhutani -- the great elements; ahankarah -- false ego; buddhih -- intelligence; avyaktam -- the unmanifested; eva -- certainly; ca -- also; indriyani -- the senses; dasa-ekam -- eleven; ca -- also; panca -- five; ca -- also; indriya-go-carah -- the objects of the senses; iccha -- desire; dvesah -- hatred; sukham -- happiness; duhkham -- distress; sanghatah -- the aggregate; cetana -- living symptoms; dhrtih -- conviction; etat -- all this; ksetram -- the field of activities; samasena -- in summary; sa-vikaram -- with interactions; udahrtam -- exemplified. The five great elements, false ego, intelligence, the unmanifested, the ten senses and the mind, the five sense objects, desire, hatred, happiness, distress, the aggregate, the life symptoms, and convictions -- all these are considered, in summary, to be the field of activities and its interactions.
ahimsa ksantir arjavam acaryopasanam saucam sthairyam atma-vinigrahah anahankara eva ca janma-mrtyu-jara-vyadhi- duhkha-dosanudarshanam putra-dara-grhadisu nityam ca sama-cittatvam istanistopapattisu bhaktir avyabhicarini vivikta-desa-sevitvam aratir jana-samsadi tattva-jnanartha-darshanam etajjnanam iti proktam ajnanam yad ato 'nyatha amanitvam -- humility; adambhitvam -- pridelessness; ahimsa -- nonviolence; ksantih -- tolerance; ariavam -- simplicity; acarya-upasanam -- approaching a bona fide spiritual master; saucam -- cleanliness; sthairyam -- steadfastness; atma-vinigrahah -- self-control; indriya-arthesu -- in the matter of the senses; vairagyam -- renunciation; anahankarah -- being without false egoism; eva -- certainly; ca -- also; janma -- of birth; mrtyu -- death; jara -- old age; vyadhi -- and disease; duhkha -- of the distress; dosa -- the fault; anudarshanam -- observing; asaktih -- being without attachment; anabhisvangah -- being without association; putra -- for son; dara -- wife; grha-adisu -- home, etc.; nityam -- constant; ca -- also; sama-cittatvam -- equilibrium; ista -- the desirable; anista -- and undesirable; upapattisu -- having obtained; mayi -- unto Me; ca -- also; ananya-yogena -- by unalloyed devotional service; bhaktih -- devotion; avyabhicarini -- without any break; vivikta -- to solitary; desa -- places; sevitvam -- aspiring; aratih -- being without attachment; jana-samsadi -- to people in general; adhyatma -- pertaining to the self; jnana -- in knowledge; nityatvam -- constancy; tattva-jnana -- of knowledge of the truth; artha -- for the object; darshanam -- philosophy; etat -- all this; jnanam -- knowledge; iti -- thus; proktam -- declared; ajnanam -- ignorance; yat -- that which; atah -- from this; anyatha -- other. Humility; pridelessness; nonviolence; tolerance; simplicity; approaching a bona fide spiritual master; cleanliness; steadiness; self-control; renunciation of the objects of sense gratification; absence of false ego; the perception of the evil of birth, death, old age and disease; detachment; freedom from entanglement with children, wife, home and the rest; even-mindedness amid pleasant and unpleasant events; constant and unalloyed devotion to Me; aspiring to live in a solitary place; detachment from the general mass of people; accepting the importance of self-realization; and philosophical search for the Absolute Truth -- all these I declare to be knowledge, and besides this whatever there may be is ignorance.
yaj jnatvamrtam asnute anadi mat-param brahma na sat tan nasad ucyate jneyam -- the knowable; yat -- which; tat -- that; pravaksyami -- I shall now explain; yat -- which; jnatva -- knowing; amrtam -- nectar; asnute -- one tastes; anadi -- beginningless; mat-param -- subordinate to Me; brahma -- spirit; na -- neither; sat -- cause; tat -- that; na -- nor; asat -- effect; ucyate -- is said to be. I shall now explain the knowable, knowing which you will taste the eternal. Brahman, the spirit, beginningless and subordinate to Me, lies beyond the cause and effect of this material world.
sarvato 'ksi-siro-mukham sarvatah srutimal loke sarvam avrtya tisthati sarvatah -- everywhere; pani -- hands; padam -- legs; tat -- that; sarvatah -- everywhere; aksi -- eyes; sirah -- heads; mukham -- faces; sarvatah -- everywhere; sruti-mat -- having ears; loke -- in the world; sarvam -- everything; avrtya -- covering; tisthati -- exists. Everywhere are His hands and legs, His eyes, heads and faces, and He has ears everywhere. In this way the Supersoul exists, pervading everything.
sarvendriya-vivarjitam asaktam sarva-bhrc caiva nirgunam guna-bhoktr ca sarva -- of all; indriya -- senses; guna -- of the qualities; abhasam -- the original source; sarva -- all; indriya -- senses; vivarjitam -- being without; asaktam -- without attachment; sarva-bhrt -- the maintainer of everyone; ca -- also; eva -- certainly; nirgunam -- without material qualities; guna-bhoktr -- master of the gunas; ca -- also. The Supersoul is the original source of all senses, yet He is without senses. He is unattached, although He is the maintainer of all living beings. He transcends the modes of nature, and at the same time He is the master of all the modes of material nature.
acaram caram eva ca suksmatvat tad avijneyam dura-stham cantike ca tat bahih -- outside; antah -- inside; ca -- also; bhutanam -- of all living entities; acaram -- not moving; caram -- moving; eva -- also; ca -- and; suksmatvat -- on account of being subtle; tat -- that; avijneyam -- unknowable; dura-stham -- far away; ca -- also; antike -- near; ca -- and; tat -- that. The Supreme Truth exists outside and inside of all living beings, the moving and the nonmoving. Because He is subtle, He is beyond the power of the material senses to see or to know. Although far, far away, He is also near to all.
vibhaktam iva ca sthitam bhuta-bhartr ca tajjneyam grasisnu prabhavisnu ca avibhaktam -- without division; ca -- also; bhutesu -- in all living beings; vibhaktam -- divided; iva -- as if; ca -- also; sthitam -- situated; bhuta-bhartr -- the maintainer of all living entities; ca -- also; tat -- that; jneyam -- to be understood; grasisnu -- devouring; prabhavisnu -- developing; ca -- also. Although the Supersoul appears to be divided among all beings, He is never divided. He is situated as one. Although He is the maintainer of every living entity, it is to be understood that He devours and develops all.
tamasah param ucyate jnanam jneyam jnana-gamyam hrdi sarvasya visthitam jyotisam -- in all luminous objects; api -- also; tat -- that; jyotih -- the source of light; tamasah -- the darkness; param -- beyond; ucyate -- is said; jnanam -- knowledge; jneyam -- to be |