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param bhuyah pravaksyami jnananam jnanam uttamam yaj jnatva munayah sarve param siddhimn ito gatah sri-bhagavan uvaca -- The Supreme said; param -- transcendental; bhuyah -- again; pravaksyami -- I shall speak; jnananam -- of all knowledge; jnanam -- knowledge; uttamam -- the supreme; yat -- which; jnatva -- knowing; munayah -- the sages; sarve -- all; param -- transcendental; siddhim -- perfection; itah -- from this world; gatah -- attained. The Supreme said: Again I shall declare to you this supreme wisdom, the best of all knowledge, knowing which all the sages have attained the supreme perfection.
mama sadharmyam agatah sarge 'pi nopajayante pralaye na vyathanti ca idam -- this; jnanam -- knowledge; upasritya -- taking shelter of; mama -- My; sadharmyam -- same nature; agatah -- having attained; sarge api -- even in the creation; na -- never; upajayante -- are born; pralaye -- in the annihilation; na -- nor; vyathanti -- are disturbed; ca -- also. By becoming fixed in this knowledge, one can attain to the transcendental nature like My own. Thus established, one is not born at the time of creation or disturbed at the time of dissolution.
tasmin garbham dadhamy aham sam bhavah sarva-bhutanam tato bhavati bharata mama -- My; yonih -- source of birth; mahat -- the total material existence; brahma -- supreme; tasmin -- in that; garbham -- pregnancy; dadhami -- create; aham -- I; sambhavah -- the possibility; sarva-bhutanam -- of all living entities; tatah -- thereafter; bhavati -- becomes; bharata -- O son of Bharata. The total material substance, called Brahman, is the source of birth, and it is that Brahman that I impregnate, making possible the births of all living beings, O son of Bharata.
murtayah sambhavanti yah tasam brahma mahad yonir aham bija-pradah pita sarva-yonisu -- in all species of life; kaunteya -- O son of Kunti; murtayah -- forms; sambhavanti -- they appear; yah -- which; tasam -- of all of them; brahma -- the supreme; mahat yonih -- source of birth in the material substance; aham -- I; bija-pradah -- the seed-giving; pita -- father. It should be understood that all species of life, O son of Kunti, are made possible by birth in this material nature, and that I am the seed-giving father.
gunah prakrti-sambhavah nibadhnanti maha-baho dehe dehinam avyayam sattvam -- the quality of goodness; rajah -- the quality of passion; tamah -- the quality of ignorance; iti -- thus; gunah -- the qualities; prakrti -- material nature; sambhavah -- produced of; nibadhnanti -- do condition; maha-baho -- O mighty-armed one; dehe -- in this body; dehinam -- the living entity; avyayam -- eternal. Material nature consists of three qualities -- goodness, passion and ignorance. When the eternal living entity comes in contact with nature, O mighty-armed Arjuna, he becomes conditioned by these qualities.
prakasakam anamayam sukha-sangena badhnati jnana-sangena canagha tatra -- there; sattvam -- the quality of goodness; nirmalatvat -- being purest in the material world; prakasakam -- illuminating; anamayam -- without any sinful reaction; sukha -- with happiness; sangena -- by association; badhnati -- conditions; jnana -- with knowledge; sangena -- by association; ca -- also; anagha -- O sinless one. O sinless one, the quality of goodness, being purer than the others, is illuminating, and it frees one from all sinful reactions. Those situated in that quality become conditioned by a sense of happiness and knowledge.
trsna-sanga-samudbhavam tan nibadhnati kaunteya karma-sangena dehinam rajah -- the quality of passion; raga-atmakam -- born of desire or lust; viddhi -- know; trsna -- with hankering; sanga -- association; samudbhavam -- produced of; tat -- that; nibadhnati -- binds; kaunteya -- O son of Kunti; karma-sangena -- by association with fruitive activity; dehinam -- the embodied. The quality of passion is born of unlimited desires and longings, O son of Kunti, and because of this the embodied living entity is bound to material fruitive actions.
mohanam sarva-dehinam pramadalasya-nidrabhis tan nibadhnati bharata tamah -- the quality of ignorance; tu -- but; ajnana-jam -- produced of ignorance; viddhi -- know; mohanam -- the delusion; sarva-dehinam -- of all embodied beings; pramada -- with madness; alasya -- indolence; nidrabhih -- and sleep; tat -- that; nibadhnati -- binds; bharata -- O son of Bharata. O son of Bharata, know that the quality of darkness, born of ignorance, is the delusion of all embodied living entities. The results of this quality are madness, indolence and sleep, which bind the conditioned soul.
rajah karmani bharata jnanam avrtya tu tamah pramade sanjayaty uta sattvam -- the quality of goodness; sukhe -- in happiness; sanjayati -- binds; rajah -- the quality of passion; karmani -- in fruitive activity; bharata -- O son of Bharata; jnanam -- knowledge; avrtya -- covering; tu -- but; tamah -- the quality of ignorance; pramade -- in madness; sanjayati -- binds; uta -- it is said. O son of Bharata, the quality of goodness conditions one to happiness; passion conditions one to fruitive action; and ignorance, covering one's knowledge, binds one to madness.
sattvam bhavati bharata rajah sattvam tamas caiva tamah sattvam rajas tatha rajah -- the quality of passion; tamah -- the quality of ignorance; ca -- also; abhibhuya -- surpassing; sattvam -- the quality of goodness; bhavati -- becomes prominent; bharata -- O son of Bharata; rajah -- the quality of passion; sattvam -- the quality of goodness; tamah -- the quality of ignorance; ca -- also; eva -- like that; tamah -- the quality of ignorance; sattvam -- the quality of goodness; rajah -- the quality of passion; tatha -- thus. Sometimes the quality of goodness becomes prominent, defeating the qualities of passion and ignorance, O son of Bharata. Sometimes the quality of passion defeats goodness and ignorance, and at other times ignorance defeats goodness and passion. In this way there is always competition for supremacy.
prakasa upajayate jnanam yada tada vidyad vivrddham sattvam ity uta sarva-dvaresu -- in all the gates; dehe asmin -- in this body; prakasah -- the quality of illumination; upajayate -- develops; jnanam -- knowledge; yada -- when; tada -- at that time; vidyat -- know; vivrddham -- increased; sattvam -- the quality of goodness; iti uta -- thus it is said. The manifestations of the quality of goodness can be experienced when all the gates of the body are illuminated by knowledge.
karmanam asamah sprha rajasy etanijayante vivrddhe bharatarsabha lobhah -- greed; pravrttih -- activity; arambhah -- endeavor; karmanam -- in activities; asamah -- uncontrollable; sprha -- desire; rajasi -- of the quality of passion; etani -- all these; jayante -- develop; vivrddhe -- when there is an excess; bharata-rsabha -- O chief of the descendants of Bharata. O chief of the Bharatas, when there is an increase in the quality of passion the symptoms of great attachment, fruitive activity, intense endeavor, and uncontrollable desire and hankering develop.
pramado moha eva ca tamasy etanijayante vivrddhe kuru-nandana aprakasah -- darkness; apravrttih -- inactivity; ca -- and; pramadah -- madness; mohah -- illusion; eva -- certainly; ca -- also; tamasi -- the quality of ignorance; etani -- these; jayante -- are manifested; vivrddhe -- when developed; kuru-nandana -- O son of Kuru. When there is an increase in the quality of ignorance, O son of Kuru, darkness, inertia, madness and illusion are manifested.
pralayam yati deha-bhrt tadottama-vidam lokan amalan pratipadyate yada -- when; sattve -- the quality of goodness; pravrddhe -- developed; tu -- but; pralayam -- dissolution; yati -- goes; deha-bhrt -- the embodied; tada -- at that time; uttama-vidam -- of the great sages; lokan -- the planets; amalan -- pure; pratipadyate -- attains. When one dies in the quality of goodness, he attains to the pure higher planets of the great sages.
karma-sangisu jayate tatha pralinas tamasi mudha-yonisu jayate rajasi -- in passion; pralayam -- dissolution; gatva -- attaining; karma-sangisu -- in the association of those engaged in fruitive activities; jayate -- takes birth; tatha -- similarly; pralinah -- being dissolved; tamasi -- in ignorance; mudha-yonisu -- in animal species; jayate -- takes birth. When one dies in the quality of passion, he takes birth among those engaged in fruitive activities; and when one dies in the quality of ignorance, he takes birth in the animal kingdom.
sattvikam nirmalam phalam rajasas tu phalam duhkham ajnanam tamasah phalam karmanah -- of work; su-krtasya -- pious; ahuh -- is said; sattvikam -- in the quality of goodness; nirmalam -- purified; phalam -- the result; rajasah -- of the quality of passion; tu -- but; phalam -- the result; duhkham -- misery; ajnanam -- nonsense; tamasah -- of the quality of ignorance; phalam -- the result. The result of pious action is pure and is said to be in the quality of goodness. But action done in the quality of passion results in misery, and action performed in the quality of ignorance results in foolishness.
rajaso lobha eva ca pramada-mohau tamaso bhavato 'jnanam eva ca sattvat -- from the quality of goodness; sanjayate -- develops; jnanam -- knowledge; rajasah -- from the quality of passion; lobhah -- greed; eva -- certainly; ca -- also; pramada -- madness; mohau -- and illusion; tamasah -- from the quality of ignorance; bhavatah -- develop; ajnanam -- nonsense; eva -- certainly; ca -- also. From the quality of goodness, real knowledge develops; from the quality of passion, greed develops; and from the quality of ignorance develop foolishness, madness and illusion.
madhye tisthanti rajasah jaghanya-guna-vrtti stha adho gacchanti tamasah urdhvam -- upwards; gacchanti -- go; sattva-sthah -- those situated in the quality of goodness; madhye -- in the middle; tisthanti -- dwell; rajasah -- those situated in the quality of passion; jaghanya -- of abominable; guna -- quality; vrtti-sthah -- whose occupation; adhah -- down; gacchanti -- go; tamasah -- persons in the quality of ignorance. Those situated in the quality of goodness gradually go upward to the higher planets; those in the quality of passion live on the earthly planets; and those in the abominable quality of ignorance go down to the hellish worlds.
yada drastanupasyati gunebhyas ca param vetti mad-bhavam so 'dhigacchati na -- no; anyam -- other; gunebhyah -- than the qualities; kartaram -- performer; yada -- when; drasta -- a seer; anupasyati -- sees properly; gunebhyah -- to the qualities of nature; ca -- and; param -- transcendental; vetti -- knows; mat-bhavam -- to My spiritual nature; sah -- he; adhigacchati -- is promoted. When one properly sees that in all activities no other performer is at work than these qualities of nature and he knows the Supreme Lord, who is transcendental to all these qualities, he attains My spiritual nature.
dehi deha-samudbhavan janma-mrtyu jara-duhkhair vimukto 'mrtam asnute gunan -- qualities; etan -- all these; atitya -- transcending; trin -- three; dehi -- the embodied; deha -- the body; samudbhavan -- produced of; janma -- of birth; mrtyu -- death; jara -- and old age; duhkhaih -- the distresses; vimuktah -- being freed from; amrtam -- nectar; asnute -- he enjoys. When the embodied being is able to transcend these three qualities associated with the material body, he can become free from birth, death, old age and their distresses and can enjoy nectar even in this life.
kair lingais trin gunan etan atito bhavati prabho kim acarah katham caitams trin gunan ativartate arjunah uvaca -- Arjuna said; kaih -- by which; lingaih -- symptoms; trin -- three; gunan -- qualities; etan -- all these; atitah -- having transcended; bhavati -- is; prabho -- O my Lord; kim -- what; acarah -- behavior; katham -- how; ca -- also; etan -- these; trin -- three; gunan -- qualities; ativartate -- transcends. Arjuna inquired: O my dear Lord, by which symptoms is one known who is transcendental to these three qualities? What is his behavior? And how does he transcend the qualities of nature?
prakasam ca pravrttim ca moham eva ca pandava na dvesti sampravrttani na nivrttani kanksati gunair yo na vicalyate guna vartanta ity evam yo 'vatisthati nengate sama-lostasma-kancanah tulya-priyapriyo dhiras tulya-nindatma-samstutih tulyo mitrari-paksayoh sarvarambha-parityagi gunatitah sa ucyate sri-bhagavan uvaca -- The Supreme said; prakasam -- illumination; ca -- and; pravrttim -- attachment; ca -- and; moham -- illusion; eva ca -- also; pandava -- O son of Pandu; na dvesti -- does not hate; sampravrttani -- although developed; na nivrttani -- nor stopping development; kanksati -- desires; udasina-vat -- as if neutral; asinah -- situated; gunaih -- by the qualities; yah -- one who; na -- never; vicalyate -- is agitated; gunah -- the qualities; vartante -- are acting; iti evam -- knowing thus; yah -- one who; avatisthati -- remains; na -- never; ingate -- flickers; sama -- equal; duhkha -- in distress; sukhah -- and happiness; sva-sthah -- being situated in himself; sama -- equally; losta -- a lump of earth; asma -- stone; kancanah -- gold; tulya -- equally disposed; priya -- to the dear; apriyah -- and the undesirable; dhirah -- steady; tulya -- equal; ninda -- in defamation; atma-samstutih -- and praise of himself; mana -- in honor; apamanayoh -- and dishonor; tulyah -- equal; tuiyah -- equal; mitra -- of friends; ari -- and enemies; paksayoh -- to the parties; sarva -- of all; arambha -- endeavors; parityagi -- renouncer; guna-atitah -- transcendental to the material qualities of nature; sah -- he; ucyate -- is said to be. The Supreme said: O son of Pandu, he who does not hate illumination, attachment and delusion when they are present or long for them when they disappear; who is unwavering and undisturbed through all these reactions of the material qualities, remaining neutral and transcendental, knowing that the qualities alone are active; who is situated in the self and regards alike happiness and distress; who looks upon a lump of earth, a stone and a piece of gold with an equal eye; who is equal toward the desirable and the undesirable; who is steady, situated equally well in praise and blame, honor and dishonor; who treats alike both friend and enemy; and who has renounced all material activities -- such a person is said to have transcended the qualities of nature.
bhakti-yogena sevate sa gunan samatityaitan brahma-bhuyaya kalpate mam -- unto Me; ca -- also; yah -- a person who; avyabhicarena -- without fail; bhakti-yogena -- by devotional service; sevate -- renders service; sah -- he; gunan -- the qualities of material nature; samatitya -- transcending; etan -- all these; brahma-bhuyaya -- elevated to the Brahman platform; kalpate -- becomes. One who engages in full devotional service, unfailing in all circumstances, at once transcends the qualities of material nature and thus comes to the level of Brahman.
amrtasyavyayasya ca sasvatasya ca dharmasya sukhasyaikantikasya ca brahmanah -- of the impersonal brahmajyoti; hi -- certainly; pratistha -- the rest; aham -- I am; amrtasya -- of the immortal; avyayasya -- of the imperishable; ca -- also; sasvatasya -- of the eternal; ca -- and; dharmasya -- of the constitutional position; sukhasya -- of happiness; aikantikasya -- ultimate; ca -- also. And I am the basis of the impersonal Brahman, which is immortal, imperishable and eternal and is the constitutional position of ultimate happiness.
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